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“Drill, baby drill” Trump will flop

LNG export terminal

Introduction

The current oil and gas gluts and planned expansion projects will hit walls as demand around the world for fossil fuels is already on trajectories to decline.

China, the largest importer of fossil fuels, is engaged in a transition to a green economy at such a humongous pace, it is difficult to keep up with developments.

Too, China’s affordable electric vehicle (EV) global sales are on launching pads to take the world by a storm, leaving the U.S. to become a dinosaur.

U.S domestic power trends favour renewables over natural gas.

South and Southeast Asia, perceived by the liquified natural gas (LNG) industry as the next hot markets, are turning to renewables.

Lastly, Europe, South Korea and Japan, half the global LNG market, are engaged in a transition away from fossil fuels. 

Fossil fuels glut

Oil

According to the International Energy Agency, oil production will outstrip demand from now until at least 2030.  Two principal factors point in this direction.

First, growth in oil demand in Asia, aviation and petrochemicals will be more than offset by a decline in demand associated with transportation sector electrification and better fuel efficiency plus the climate action of critical fossil fuel importing jurisdictions, most notably in China and Europe, along with other countries.  More on the climate achievements and momentum of these jurisdictions follow in subsequent article segments.

Second, Guyana, Brazil and Argentina are increasing their supplies to global markets.

Hence, Trump is his worst enemy by encouraging expansion of U.S. oil production.

This could be exacerbated by a pending price war with Saudi Arabia.

For the U.S., the bottom line is the oversupply has contributed to the current price of oil, around $70/barrel, too low for U.S. expansion.  The U.S. oil industry is hesitant to expand, and more focused on shareholder returns.

For U.S. oil production to expand, the price must rise to $80 or more, becoming more unlikely due to the indefinitely long global glut.

Natural Gas

There’s already a natural gas glut, as per the conclusions of the for Institute Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA).  This glut will get much worse, very much the result of the U.S. massive natural gas expansion projects.

Globally, the LNG supply capacity may increase to 666.5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) by 2028. That’s greater than the IEA assessment of demand prospects for 2050, 482 MTPA.

The U.S has about 20 new LNG project terminal projects, with 4,667 km of pipelines.  If pending applications are combined with the 360 MTPA of approved projects and added to current production, the U.S. would be on a path to produced 430 MTPA of natural gas, by 2029 to 2035.

This would far exceed the current global capacity of 400 MTPA.

The U.S. expansion projects and the European gas import substitutes, post Russian invasion of Ukraine, have driven up the international price of natural gas and U.S. domestic power rates as a side-effect.

In January 2024, Biden had tried to put a temporary pause on pending LNG-related projects.  One year later,  in January 2025, Trump ordered resuming reviewal of applications for pending projects.

Trump chose to ignore the implications of increasing U.S. gas exports.

Even current capacity alone indicates there will be costly stranded assets before 2030.  Quite the risks, given the price tags of large export terminals are $15 to $25 billion, the lifespan of a export terminal is 30 to 50 years, and import terminals cost around $3 billion.

There are also the obstacles to the financing of long timelines for building LNG related infrastructures. Terminal construction can take from just under 4 to 5.1 years.

For an idea of the expenditures for pipelines, 13 of them adds up to more than $62 billion.

Further, the poor economics of the U.S. natural gas sector demise is already evident. While U.S. natural gas supplies are 78% shale gas, 30% to 40% being by-products from shale oil sites, the more productive/profitable shale U.S. oil and gas wells have been depleted. Since shale gas wells have a productive life duration of 3 years, the industry looks like its heading for another financial conundrum, a repeat of the shale industry meltdown in early 2020s.

Swelling the global supply situation, Norway, Russia, Congo, Gabon, Nigeria, and potentially Mozambique and Tanzania, are, and/or my soon be, contributing to more gas supplies on global markets.

The gas export stakeholders continue to pin hopes for larger LNG supplies to supply new markets in South and Southeast Asia,  To serve the power needs of these markets, home-grown renewables projects are the better options since they are relatively inexpensive, and construction timelines are short.

Significant, China has its own shale gas potential.  Together with China’s goal severance from fossil fuels dependencies, this will lessen the need for LNG imports.  It is estimated that China has 31.57 trillion cubic metres (1,115 trillion cubic feet) of recoverable shale gas.

Eventually, the global gas oversupply bottom line will lead to lower prices, something that threatens the viability of the U.S. shale gas sector.  These lower prices will likely last for quite some time.

Green transition is well-underway

China’s oil and gas imports decline

China, the world’s largest energy consumer, representing 25% of global oil imports and 18% of global LNG imports, is weaning off oil and gas at spellbinding rates.

China is the most electrified nation in the world and the pace of electrification continues to spiral.

No wonder, the peaks of China’s crude oil consumption and refined oil are 2025 and were 2023 respectively.  Crude oil imports declined 2% in January 2025.  By 2035, China’s refined oil products consumption is projected to drop 25-40%, based on the peak year 2023.

On natural gas, though China is the largest importer of gas in the world, consumption and emissions are destined to drop through to 2030, because gas is more expensive than coal and not green; wind and solar total capacity to-date have exceeded China’s target; coal capacity is used primarily for peaking periods; there has been a shift to supercritical coal power plants with less emissions than traditional coal facilities; and, most important, China has an overarching goal for a peak emissions deadline with an emphasis on energy independence.

China’s EVs domestic and global market expansion:

In 2024, China’s affordable and advanced tech EVs captured 60% of the global EV market, 53% of its domestic vehicle market.

Chinese EV manufacturers are now poised to conquer ALL major global markets outside North America.  The BYD momentum to-date entails manufacturing plants and projects in 7 countries and entering a new country nearly every week, with an average selling price of $16,700.

Concurrently, legacy automakers, for which China is a major market, are losing market share in the country, because they cannot compete with China’s EV’s which have better designs, prices and technologies.

The EV Trump effect

The Trump administration wants to stop attacks on gas-powered vehicles

Contributing to the demise of North American-based legacy automakers, Trump’s plan is to roll back corporate average fuel economy standards from the 2025 level to that of 2019.

The reversal on vehicle emissions will result in 25% more emissions/vehicle mile than current 2025 rules and an average fuel economy dip of 15%.  The brakes have been put on the transition to EVs.

The Trump package would also prohibit California and 13 other waiver states to adopt stricter emission rules than those of the federal government, beginning 2026.   During his first term, Trump had blocked waivers of the previous administration, but the Biden unblocked this restriction.

As for Musk, he  believes the termination of EV consumer credit will hurt Tesla’s competitors more than Tesla.  Ford claims it loses $100,000 per EV sold and EV-related 2024 loses will be well over $5 billion.

Accordingly, the Trump administration has sent clear signals to legacy automakers in U.S market to change priorities to favour lineups of more of the more profitable gas guzzlers.

The U.S. EV market share will not come close to the Bloomberg projection of 13% for 2024 or the IEA prediction of 11%.

EVs, the U.S. aside

Notwithstanding Trump’s undermining the EV sector in the U.S., by 2030, the global EV fleet will displace 3.3 million b/d (b/d) by 2030, up from 385,000 b/d in 2022.

China, renewables and keeping pace with rising electricity demand

China’s renewables have reached 50% its power supply with the installation of 357 GW of solar and wind in 2024, an 18% increase from the previous year.

The result is China’s renewables target for 1.2 TW by 2030 was reached in 2024, 6 years ahead of schedule.

Yet these achievements have not been enough since China’s electricity demand has risen faster than the economic growth since 2020.  The country’s electricity demand increased 7% in 2024, and the forecast is for an annual average of 6% through to 2027.  In addition to the electricity consumption growth associated with the manufacturing of clean tech and energy intensive industrial sectors, there are new phenomena, such as the latest highs in consumption for air conditioning and 5G networks.

The U.S and renewables

Most inconsistent with Trump’s view for America, 93% of 2024 power capacity additions stemmed from clean energy.  U.S. solar set a record in 2024, at 30 gigawatts (GW), accounting for 61% of U.S. utility scale power capacity additions for the year.

And the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) predicts 2025 solar new capacity will reach 32.5 GW.  That’s far less than the 2025 EIA projection for gas at 4.4 GW of added annual capacity and lower than wind for this year at 7.7 GW.

U.S. solar additions combined with energy storage, will come to 81% of U.S. of 2025 capacity additions.

Interesting, Texas is the U.S. windpower leader and its solar sector is booming, 11.6 GW estimated for 2025.

The other 50% of global LNG markets

Elsewhere, the combined LNG imports of Japan, Europe and South Korea, which account for half of LNG demand, declined in 2023.  The descent is expected to continue through to 2030.

European gas imports were down 20% in 2024 and consumption is expected to peak in 2025.  EU gas imports trajectory is expected to continue to decline through to 2030.

Japan previously the world’s largest LNG importer, is another country where imports of gas are descending, 8% in 2023, another 9% in 2024.  Increases in nuclear and renewables capacity will assure continuation of the gas use tumble.  Since 2018, LNG imports fell 20%.

For South Korea, traditionally the largest importer of U.S. LNG, imports dropped 5% in 2023. With the planned increases in solar, wind and nuclear capacity, by 2035, LNG imports may drop by 20%.

In Southeast Asia, LNG projects are on pause with significant transitions to renewables underway, especially in Vietnam and the Philippines.

In South Asia, Pakistan proclaimed a halt to LNG projects while engaging in a radical transition to renewables.  During the last two years Pakistan installed 40 GW  of solar, extraordinary since its entire power generation capacity in 2023 was 46 GW. This profound departure from past energy policies may soon get a big boost, to the tune of $1billion in climate funds, from the International Monetary Fund.

India, like Pakistan, has no plans for plans for new LNG plants.

This spells trouble for U.S. export contracts which typically integrate flexibility for the termination of shipments.

In Canada, most of the LNG projects have been shelved, the results of high cost for terminal construction and pipelines along with public political opposition to new projects.

The takeaway

It is clear that the current oil and gas gluts will get worse with demand for fossil fuels at the precipice of a global decline.

China alone, the world’s largest energy consumer, is engaged in a mindboggling rate of electrification and decarbonization of its economy.  This will significantly reduce global fossil fuel demand, peak oil has already been reached and peak gas very soon.

China’s affordable EVs are penetrating global markets, leaving the U.S., and probably Canada, way behind in road transportation. Road transportation traditionally represents 25% of petroleum consumption.

Renewables around the globe are displacing natural gas demand.

This is even happening in the U.S, where 93% of new capacity in 2024 was attributable to renewables.  Solar and energy storage combined, will come in at over 80% of power additions in 2025.

South and Southeast Asia emerging economies are engaged in a transition to renewables.  Thus the prospects for bets on the LNG industry exports are fiction.

Ditto for South Korea LNG demand.

The European momentum on renewables, EVs, heat pumps and other decarbonization measures, are unstoppable.

Better technology at better prices are globally agnostic, as such, cannot be stopped by the phantasms of the President of the U.S.

The world is already engaged in the energy transition and all the new economic paradigms that go with it.

The Trump drill baby drill objective will flop globally and domestically.

Oil & gas decline: Cracks where light gets in (not Canada)

Cleantech investments outpacing fossil fuels

Trump invaded Venezuela to assert greater global dominance via subordination of the world’s oil sector, and calls climate change a hoax.

Not as well-known, there is a global green revolution is in progress.

Two-thirds of the 2024 record of $3 trillion invested in energy sources was dedicated to cleantech such as renewables, electric vehicles (EVs), grid storage (batteries) and energy efficiency.

For 2025, estimates of global investments in cleantech range from $2.3 trillion to $3.3 trillion, according to BloombergNEF and International Energy Agency (IEA) respectively.

Renewables progress to-date

In 2024, renewables captured 92% of new global power capacity, adding 518 gigawatts (GW), a 15% increase, bringing total capacity to 4.44 terawatts (TW).  Asia, Europe and North America represented 85% of this achievement.

For the period 2010-2023, solar accounted for 80% of the renewables capacity increase.

Ironically, despite Trump, solar and wind were attributable to 94% of U.S. new power capacity installations in Q1 2025 plus an increase of 20% in domestic solar manufacturing. In California where gas is the principle source of power generation, gas consumption between January and August 2025 was 18% lower than for the same period in 2024.  In those first 8 months of 2025, California solar generation increased 17%.

China alone consistently represents 60% of global renewable energy capacity growth.

India is aligned with its 2030 goal for 2.5 times renewables growth.  This would make India the second largest market for renewable capacity expansion.

The EU renewables capacity is anticipated to amount to 71% of EU electricity generation by 2030.

On a global scale, by 2030, the International Energy Agency (IEA) 2025 annual renewable energy report foresees global renewable capacity to be 2.2 times that of 2022 levels reaching 4.6 TW.

The IEA optimistic scenario suggests 2.8 times growth is possible.

Whatever scenario prevails, it translates into renewable power capacity growing more during 2025 to 2030, than in the previous 5 years.  This would be more than China, EU and Japan existing power capacity combined.

Nevertheless, this would not be enough.  Global renewables investments would have to double between 2025 and 2030 to meet climate and energy targets.

EVs

For 2025. the IEA and Ember estimated EVs came in at more than 25% of the world vehicle market, 20 million units.  That’s a big jump from 2024, for which 20% of global vehicle sales were EVs, 17 million EVs.

This is so despite Trump and Canada’s Mark Carney being instrumental in slowing down EV sales in North America.

Of EVs manufactured in China, 95% are equipped with the more affordable lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, not requiring the expensive nickel or cobalt.  The absence of cobalt addresses ethical considerations.

Other global EV manufacturers are now transitioning to LFP batteries.  This is a critical development as the battery typically comes in at 40% of an EV’s cost.  Those that don’t get onboard for LFP batteries could experience a “Kodak crisis.”  The transition is a challenge since China now produces 99% of LFP batteries in the world.

Ford is preparing to shift to LFP batteries  and Tesla is already equipping its standard range Model 3 and Model Y with LFP batteries.

Volkswagen’s battery affiliate, PowerCo, is currently considering a shift to LFP.

Yet even LFP batteries may soon be history.  Sodium-ion batteries, which don’t require any critical minerals, are now market-ready.  Up to 2025, sodium-ion batteries have been used for energy storage, but in 2027 China’s CATL will be able to mass produce sodium-ion batteries at a cost less than the LFP versions.  EVs so-equipped will be more affordable than gas-powered vehicles and have good cold weather performance.

With advent of more attractively priced EVs, EV sales will take off as is already the case in China.

And China’s BYD is manufacturing highly attractively priced short-haul heavy duty battery electric trucks.

EVs displaced oil demand by 1.5 million barrels/day in 2024.   Petroleum demand for road transportation is expected to peak in 2027.  Peak passenger vehicle oil demand is projected for 2025.

For 2 and 3 wheelers, peak oil consumption has already been reached.

The exceptions are the U.S. and Canada which are not following global EV sales trends as both countries have abandoned regulations and other initiatives supporting EVs.

 Oil exceeding demand

Between January and September 2025, there was an oil glut or surplus of 1.9 million barrels per day, (b/d). The glut is expected to spiral up to an untenable 4 million b/d 2026.  Yet in September 2025, the supply increased by 5.6 million b/d more compared to the preceding year.

China will heavily influence global supply and demand as it represents 25% of global crude oil imports and, as of 2025, these imports peaked and started to decline.

Promising oil financial results will increasingly be harder to achieve because of a combination of oil prices at an all-time low, the least costly to exploit wells now being spent, and inflation/geopolitics.

For a profitable trajectory, the oil price/barrel must increase 5% annually, but this is not happening.  The breakeven oil price is now $47, and for oil sands, $57.

Renewables displacing natural gas market

As of 2025, U.S. liquified natural gas (LNG) export terminals comprise 8 currently operating, 8 under construction and another 10 approved, but not yet under construction.  In addition, the U.S. Dept. of Transportation Maritime Administration is reviewing 5 LNG export terminals.

Globally, there is a plethora of liquid natural gas (LNG) export terminals, approximately 230 are in operation or will be fully operational, within the next few years.

The gas demand side of the equation paints a different picture.

China, the world’s largest energy consumer, experienced a 24% decline in natural gas imports in 2024.  Massive deployment of renewables, together with politically motivated imports of Russian gas are behind this.

Japan, Europe and South Korea, which represent half of the world’s natural gas imports, are likely to undergo a 20% drop in LNG use by 2030.

Japan’s gas consumption has dipped 20% since 2018, peaked in 2024, and has since dipped 25% as a consequence of the recommissioning of nuclear capacity.

Japan resells more imported LNG than it uses, 40% of its imports, due to greater domestic renewables and nuclear capacity.   But with declining markets for natural gas, import markets being oversupplied and low prices prevailing, this economic direction is now considered high risk.

For the EU, which is entirely dependent on imports for gas supplies, gas consumption dropped by 20% between 2021 and 2024, likely peaked in 2024.  By 2030, based on 2024 levels, EU gas use may drop another 29% by 2030, and 67% by 2040.

The U.K., Germany and Chile reduced imports of gas and coal by 1/3 since 2010.

In the U.K., electricity generated by imported fossil fuels dropped from 45% to 25% in the last 10 years.

Bulgaria, Romania and Finland, formerly dependent on gas imports from Russia, have reduced gas imports nearly to zero.

Denmark has cut fossil fuel imports more than half.

Japanese LNG consumption peaked in 2014 after the Fukushima catastrophe,

In India, only 2% of power capacity stems from natural gas. The 32% of power generation from natural gas did not produce any electricity.  Consequently, 8% of India’s gas-fired power supplies have become stranded assets.

Pakistan, once a gleam in the eye of LNG exporters, has halted to LNG projects.   Pakistan has engaged in a radical transition to renewables.  During the last two years Pakistan installed 40 GW of solar.  This is extraordinary since its entire power generation capacity in 2023 was 46 GW.

Pakistan now has enough distributed solar power potential to meet all of its needs, including those of isolated communities. Distributed energy now furnishes more energy to the country than power from the grid.

China leading the way

China’s $942 billion investments in cleantech in 2024, was not far off from global fossil fuel investments in that year, $1.2 trillion.  If the value of cleantech production and services are included in China’s cleantech thrusts, it comes to $1.9 trillion in 2024, or 10% of China GDP.

In 2025, up to July, China’s cleantech export earnings were $120 billion, an amount which exceeded the U.S. earnings on fossil fuel exports, $80 billion.  For 2024, earnings from China’s cleantech exports were $180 billion, and U.S. fossil fuel exports, $150 billion.

And, with critical minerals being the pillars of a green transition, it’s hard to keep up China’s green transition.  In this regard, China is the world’s top refiner for 19 of the 20 top minerals and on average accounts 70% of refining market share.

China produces 80% of world solar PV modules and battery cells.

By the end of April 2025, China had 2.02 TW of installed renewables capacity, up from 1.83 TW reached in 2024.

As well, the impressive Chinese cleantech portrait includes 70% of global EV sales and 40% global EV exports. China’s EVs came in at 54% of domestic EV market share in 2025.

On public transportation, China had 48,000 km of high-speed rail at the end of 2024 and will add another 12,000 km by 2030, 50 subway systems with over 10,000 km of track, substantial light rail and had 542,600 e-buses, 84% pure electric, on its roads in 2022.

Heat pumps are massively being deployed in China, replacing coal for household heating.

The cumulative global impacts of these changes are phenomenal.

The result is China is single-handedly reducing global prices of cleantech, EVs and energy storage, thus changing global energy and economic paradigms.

Trump’s enemy within and Canada’s capitulation to fossil fuel sector

The Trump administration views cleantech as an enemy within.

However, the U.S. business community must plan for competitiveness in the global green economy now.  They cannot afford to delay a catch up after Trump becomes history.

Because the cleantech manufacturing in the U.S. entails commitments of billions to the green revolution, it cannot be reversed.  The timelines for construction of new manufacturing plants are measured in years, and supply contracts can span 5 years.

It is Canada that will be the big loser.

Canada’s “national interest” projects are exempt from other existing legislation, according to Law C-5 and supported by Budget 2025.  National interest projects announced so far include the following:

On November 27, 2025 a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between Prime Minister Mark Carney and Alberta Premier Danielle Smith, for a new oil pipeline from Alberta to the British Columbia (BC) coast, even though the Canadian government-owned Trans Mountain pipeline from Alberta to the BC coast operates under capacity, cost C$50 billion in subsidies plus Canadian taxpayers contribute C$3 billion/year to operate it.

BC opposes the pipeline.

On December 2, 2025, at a meeting of the Assembly of First Nations in Ottawa, a resolution was adopted objecting to the new pipeline.  One should expect other protests to come from First Nations.

The hope is not strong for private industry promoters to step up to the plate.

The MOU also comprises:

Abolition of the regulation not permitting oil tankers along the BC coast:  At the December 2 Assembly of First Nations meeting, there was an unanimous rejection of ending the moratorium on tankers floating on BC coasts.

Weakening the Alberta the industrial carbon price, the Output-base Compliance System, that is supposed to increase the industrial carbon price per tonne from C$95 now, to up to $170 by 2030: Under the MOU, the parties will review a proposed on a carbon price of C$130/tonne on or before April 1, 2026.

An Alberta waiver from the clean electricity regulations that set limits on carbon dioxide pollution from almost all electricity generation sources, targeting fossil fuels: The regulations provide a mix of compliance flexibilities and do not prescribe specific technological solutions. The MOU exemption, strictly for Alberta, may translate into weakening of Alberta’s agenda to phase out coal-fired electrical generation.  This is nice since Alberta placed a 7-month moratorium on permits for wind energy projects ending February 2025.  Nearly half of the projects that were to go ahead before the moratorium have not been placed back on the table.

While both the clean energy regulation and industrial carbon price policies were carved out for Alberta, other provinces would ask for similar treatment.

The abolition of the cap on oil and gas emissions by 2030:  The cap would have allowed a 16% increase in oil and gas production by 2030-32, relative to 2019.  This magic would be achieved with the application of carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) which would supposedly result in a 35% GHG reduction by 2030, based on 2019 levels.  Yet not a single CCUS project has met goals for emissions reduction, costs and timelines.

For the new pipeline, Alberta must support the CCUS project of the Pathways Alliance, an Alliance of the 6 major oilsands producers:

An extension of the timeline on methane reduction, strictly carved out for Alberta.

Support for nuclear power in Alberta.

This MOU is a gift from heaven to Paul St-Pierre Plamondon the populist ethnocentric anti-immigrant leader of the Quebec independence party, Parti-Québecois (PQ).  St-Pierre Plamondon rejects being associated with a fossil fuel state. He considers federalism to be a malicious ideology. The PQ is in first place in the polls for the upcoming Quebec election around October 2026.

Steven Guilbeault, former minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada, afterwards minister of Canadian identity and culture, has resigned as a cabinet minister.

Other national interest projects are presented below:

1) Phase II of the LNG Canada export terminal on the BC Pacific coast;

2) construction of 4 small modular reactors (SMRs) at the Darlington Ontario site, despite SMRs being an unproven technology with poor economies of scale, such that a SMR cost is 5 times the cost of renewables to produce 1 GW of energy;

3) removal of a cap on oil and gas emissions irrespective of the above-mentioned MOU;

4) Pathways Alliance federal support, for a $16.5 billion project, whether or not there is a new oil pipeline;

5) less stringent greenwashing clause in the Competition Act, a regulation that had required companies backup their present and future emission reduction claims, and;

6) the Ksi Lisims Pacific coast offshore LNG project with the terminal to be constructed in South Korea and despite Indigenous opposition to the 800-kilometre Prince Rupert Gas Transmission to transport gas from the northeast BC northwest-Alberta northeast border.

Additional “national interest” projects concern critical minerals, a small northern Canada hydro-electric initiative and a possible BC north coast transmission project. The smorgasbord of projects constitute climate minuses cancelling out the few pluses.

In September 2025, Prime Minister Mark Carney “paused” the 20% for 2026 zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate.  The mandate refers to the percentage of ZEV vehicles each manufacturer must sell in a given year.  It had been set for 20% for 2026.

A July 24, 2023 announcement by the former Minister of the environment on the termination of fossil fuel subsidies had so many exemptions, it changed nothing.

The takeaway

To sum up, the oil and gas market will decline, while supply will go up.

The transition to cleantech is unstoppable because of the attractiveness of low prices and energy security that comes with reducing reliance on foreign fossil fuel imports.

Add to that, two-thirds of fossil fuel energy consumed is wasted, or does not contribute to the intended tasks.

Private sector and general public consumers will make the transition to clean solutions when there are price, choice and environmental advantages at the outset.  These transition attributes are enhanced by the absence of the volatility lottery of fossil fuel prices.

Many COP30 participating nations, subnational governments, cities, the European Parliament and others that want a roadmap for phasing out fossil fuel are planning the First International Conference on the Just Transition Away from Fossil Fuels, April 28-29, in Colombia.  This would leave the fossil fuel export nations out in the cold, while preempting blockage of a phase out roadmap.

As for Canada, the “national interest” projects, especially the federal-Alberta governments’ MOU, are mainly fossil fuel initiatives that head Canada towards stranded assets and national disunity.

Economic and environmental policies among most fossil fuel importing countries are aligned for a global green transition. The remaining nations will have to go with the flow.

Electric vehicle transition happening, North America excluded

Chinese EV truck battery swapping

Empirical evidence illustrates that among the 3 main electric vehicle (EV) jurisdictional centres of activity, China, Europe and North America,

  • the China’s EV sector is light years ahead;
  • the EU manufacturing sector is catching up; and
  • North America automakers are falling way behind global EV developments.

These contrasts are well-illustrated what follows by:

  • leading in with what’s behind the Volkswagen metamorphosis;
  • the leveraging of mid-level tariffs on Chinese EV imports to foster local manufacturing;
  • the U.S. and Canada back peddling; and
  • China championing the global EV transition, encompassing electric trucks, as well as cars.

The Volkswagen metamorphous

Less than 2 years ago, the future for Made in EU EVs looked dim.

However, in December 2025, the fully electric battery electric vehicle, battery electric vehicle (BEV), EU market was 22.6%; plug-in hybrid (PHEV) 27%; hybrid electric 33.7%; and the internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) percent of overall sales was 22.5%.  How did this disruptive change happen?

Mid-level traffic on EU imports of Chinese EVs changed everything.  The Volkswagen metamorphous is telling.

In 2024, Volkswagen high costs of operating in Europe had resulted in third quarter 42% profits drops, making it unable to plan the future. The Volkswagen brand at that time had a 2.1% margin.

The Volkswagen Group had concluded in 2024 that it would have to close at least 3 factories and cut wages and employee benefits.  This was an astounding shock since Volkswagen had never shut down a plant in the proceeding 87 years.  For Volkswagen, its very survival was in question.

Volkswagen attributed much of its profit declines to heavy investments in transitioning from ICEVs to EVs. With the combination of high EV production costs; underperforming sales of the EV ID lineup; software challenges, a contracting European auto market at-large; and competition with lower priced Volkswagen Group brands, Skoda and Seat in particular; Volkswagen was discouraged from pursuing its EV plans. Volkswagen hesitated to invest in large-scale EV manufacturing.

Too boot, sales in China had plummeted, important since China represents 40% of Volkswagen’s global market. Chinese EV consumers prefer domestic products over foreign owned ones with the exception of Tesla Model 3 and Model Y.

This left Volkswagen with production overcapacity.

Upcoming more stringent EU emission and pollution regulations added to the Volkswagen dilemma.

Volkswagen flipped its outlook 180° in 2025 with the arrival of affordable Chinese imports with tariffs and duties ranging from 18% to 45% and strong market signals.

The EU EV market share spiraled to 34% in 2025 with 18% of EU EV sales stemming from Chinese brands.

In a 2025 about-turn, Volkswagen perceived EVs as a corporate opportunity in both European and Chinese markets.

Year 2025 saw the Volkswagen Group achieve increased EV sales in Europe, in both its car and truck divisions.

The Volkswagen Group delivered one third more EVs in 2025 than in 2024.  European Volkswagen Group EV sales increased by 66%.

Volkswagen brand 2025 EV sales went up 60% in Germany and 49% in Europe.

Bigger 2025 gains stemmed from the Group’s Skoda division. Skoda BEVs and PHEVs accounted for 25% of Skoda sales.

In 2026 Volkswagen began introducing several new EV models to the market.

Overall, the brands that are part of the core of Volkswagen Group achieved an increase in 2025 EV sales of 29%.

By February 2026, Volkswagen had produced its two millionth BEV., placing the company in the BEV big league alongside BYD and Tesla.

By contrast the Volkswagen Group overall vehicle sales slumped in 2025.  Volkswagen Group growth in Europe was associated with EVs only.

The situation was different in China. Volkswagen EV sales declined 44% in 2025.

Not licking its wounds, Volkswagen will be launching 20 new China-specific EV models starting 2026.

From concept to production, Volkswagen Group China came up with a unique China Electronic Architecture (CEA).   Developed with three Chinese partners, the CEA has end-to-end capabilities for Software-Defined Vehicle production that positions Volkswagen to develop and produce an array of new vehicles in its China-specific lineup in just 18 months, from concept and engineering, through to validation and mass production.  This made it feasible to begin offering new models in 2026.

Leveraging tariffs

To avoid EU EV tariffs, Chinese EV brands have plans for factories in Spain, Austria, Hungary and  TurkeyChery is investing in an R & D centre in Spain.

In lieu of EU tariffs on Chinese EV imports, China and the EU are discussing a minimum pricing framework.  The guidelines under development stipulate minimum prices for each EV model and configuration.  Other electrified models such as hybrids would be restricted under a cross-competition umbrellas that would limit sales volumes.

The latter would address the loophole that, in the EU, Chinese EV brands have increased market share, in part, because Chinese PHEVs are exempt for the tariffs, Thus, Chinese PHEVs quadrupled their EU market penetration in 2024, compared to 2023.

Especially noteworthy, it is Volkswagen that has inspired minimum pricing to replace tariffs to facilitate the importing from China of Volkswagen’s Cupra Tavascan electric SUV.

Indonesia too, has benefited from the leverage of tariffs on Chinese imported EVs.   It committed to reduce tariffs for each Chinese EV manufacturer that plans by 2026 to set up factories in the country.  By May 2025, 6 Chinese EV battery manufacturers had divulged intentions to establish manufacturing facilities in the country, including China’s CATL, the world’s largest EV battery producer.

In Canada, Ontario’s Premier Doug Ford expressed openness to eliminating the 100% Canadian tariff for any Chinese EV manufacturer that takes action to open up a factory in his province.

North America in reverse

In North America, investors must consider that 1) US vehicle emission standards are eliminated ;2) the Canadian EV regulated minimum manufacture-specific market shares of 20% by 2026, 60% by 2030 and 100% by 2035 has been scrapped by the Carney administration, as per a new EV strategy; and 3) there are 100% tariffs on Chinese EVs in both the U.S. and Canada.

On February 12, 2026, Trump revoked the vehicle emission regulations as part of a sweeping elimination of the Environmental Protection Agency authority to regulate emissions from any source, specifically the annulation of the greenhouse gas “endangerment finding” under the Clean Air Act.  The Trump administration made it clear that the U.S. will no longer have vehicle tailpipe emission standards.  Bluntly, the Trump administration has halted all action on climate change.

As for Canada’s new EV strategy presented on February 5, 2026, it is very much smoke and mirrors.

The Canadian good news consists of rebates for EVs priced C$50,000 or less if manufactured in a country with which Canada has a trade agreement. The rebate program started in February 2026 and declines each year, ending in 2030.  Made in Canada EVs are exempt from the price ceiling, but that exemption currently only applies to the Dodge Charger EV and Chrysler Pacifica PHEV.  The bad news is the the goal is to achieve 90% EV market share by 2040, which compares poorly to the EU 90% EV target by 2035 and 2) the 100% tariffs on Chinese EVs in Canada remain intact.

For North American shareholders focused primarily on quarterly reports, the aforementioned factors suggest that EVs don’t seem like good bets.

Such perspectives are in conflict with long-term positioning on the global marketplace.

Honda

Honda has put on a 2 year pause a $15.4 billion Ontario set of projects for retooling the Alliston EV production line, a new battery plant in Alliston and 2 battery parts facilities elsewhere in Ontario.

Ford

In August 2025, Ford announced with pomp a $5 billion dollar engagement to build a Ford EV Universal Platform that would enable Ford to produce, at scale, a family of affordable EVs.

The shoe dropped in December 15, 2025, when Ford revealed the company plans to offer fewer EV offerings and enact a $19.5 billion EV write-down.

Ford claimed it loses $50,000 for every EV sold, the long-term return on investment mindset being dropped.  From 2022 to Q3 2025, Ford claimed it lost $15.6 billion attributable to its EV business.

Its change in strategy stems from lower U.S. consumer interest in EVs; Trump policies to abolish emission standards which affects EV availability; the termination of fines for non-compliance with emission standards; and the abolition of the $7,500 rebate.

Ford is now pivoting to more PHEVs and ICEVs and less fully electrics.

Ford anticipates that its global mix of hybrids, extended-range EVs (EREVs) and pure EVs will reach 50% by 2030, up from 17% today.

Surprise, in February 2026, Ford divulged that it intends to build a mid-size electric pickup on the  Ford EV Universal Platform.   Only Ford can explain this schizophrenia.

GM

On January 29, 2026, GM Canada announced it would cut a shift at its Oshawa Ontario plant entailing 1,200 workers throughout the supply chain.

Back in 2020 the Oshawa plant was included in the $9 billion plan slated for investments in retooling 5 GM plants to produce EVs.

To finance the transition, GM counted on the high profits on selling more larger SUVs and pickups that represented 72% of GM’s profits at the time.

In January 2026, GM indicated the Oshawa plant would manufacture the next generation of gas-powered pickups.

Once again, the change in an automaker’s strategy reflects Trump’s tariffs and the abandonment of zero emission vehicle goals in the U.S. and Canada.

China leading global change

There is a widespread belief that Chinese EVs are highly subsidized and use cheap labour, thus are low-priced.  This is hard to validate.

First, U.S. and Canadian EV tax credits and other forms of financial support may be greater than Chinese EV subsidies.

Second, China does subsize innovation and development to a greater extent than any other country.  This means that the timelines for cost recovery on new types of products, such as EVs, are less than for legacy automakers.

Third, the Chinese EV manufacturing paradigm is to maximize the scale of production to lower the cost per unit, thereby making the price on the market very affordable.  With attractive pricing, demand meets supply, not the other way around, as it is in the rest of the world.  The EU is viewed by Chinese EV brands as an ideal market for deployment of overcapacity production.

The export market is critical since EV profit margins in China are very thin, sometimes negligible with there being so much competition of the Chinese EV markets.  Chinese EV manufacturers make up for these low domestic margins by selling their EVs at significantly higher prices in export markets.

Fourth, 95% of Chinese EV are equipped with the less costly lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. This is important because 40% of the price of an EV is attributable to the batteries.

Fifth, China currently has over 20 million chargers, exceeding the numbers of fuel pumps.

The result, in 2025, 54% of China’s new passenger vehicles sales were EVs.

Sixth, China requires that every Chinese EV be sold above cost and operating expenses, outside of R & D.

Seventh, China’s CATL and BYD are well advanced on the next generation of even more affordable than LFP batteries, sodium-ion batteries.

CATL now offers EV-ready sodium-ion batteries.

Changan is the first Chinese EV manufacturer to feature CATL Nextra sodium-ion batteries in its entire EV lineup, beginning 2027.

As well, Changan will begin equipping EVs with solid-state batteries in 2027. SAIC Motor, GAC Group, CATL, and BYD have similar timelines for solid-state-batteries in their respective lineups.  Solid-state batteries have a range similar to gas-powered vehicles.

Eighth, now China is making global history with electric medium- and heavy-duty trucks capturing over 50% of the domestic market as of the beginning of 2026.  This is an astounding breakthrough because medium- and heavy-duty trucks account for nearly a third of road transportation emissions even though they only represent 3% of vehicles on the road.

An EV truck incentive program, dedicated charging infrastructure for trucks along key freight corridors and the launching of a CATL electric truck battery swapping stations to cover 150,000 km on China’s highways contributed to this success.

China’s electric truck progress has immediate implications for global diesel consumption, cutting global oil demand by an equivalent of one million barrels per day.  Global diesel use fell 11.6% in 2025.

In sum, EVs are now price and charge competitive with ICEV passenger cars and trucks in China, and this will be more so with the arrival of inexpensive sodium-ion batteries.

 

The takeaway

Clearly, China is several steps ahead of the rest of the world in affordable EVs and batteries.

The mid-level EU tariffs on Chinese EVs and stiff 2025 EU emission standards have been catalysts for European manufacturers to go the full distance to compete with Chinese EVs.

Mid-level tariffs on Chinese EV brands in certain jurisdictions are leveraged for domestic manufacturing of Chinese EV brands.

To thrive in the Chinese market, legacy automakers typically partner with Chinese firms to introduce China-specific models equivalent in sophistication to Chinese EV brands.

In contrast, 100% Chinese EV import tariffs, in addition to weakened U.S. and Canadian governments’ zero emission vehicle goals, have resulted in the North American auto sector going in reverse on EV development, manufacturing, deployment and sales.

The future doesn’t augur well for North American automakers.  The onslaught of continuously more advanced EVs from China, Europe, South Korea and elsewhere in Asia may lead to another crisis for the Big 3.

The global transition is in progress.  There will be winners and losers.

Carney sleepwalking Americanization of Canada: Fossil fuels, nuclear, vehicles, military, austerity, immigration and more

Mark Carney won the April 28, 2025, federal election, in part, because many Canadians believed he would be the best to face up to Trump.  Trump often refers to Canada as the 51st state. The irony is since then Carney has engaged in a plethora of initiatives to incrementally sleepwalk Canada towards Americanization of segments of the Canadian political energy and economic landscapes.

Bill C-5: Fast-tracking projects of “national interest”

One of Carney first legislative accomplishments was the hastily adopted Bill C-5 in June 2025, also known as the One Canadian Economy Act.  This Act gives Carney absolute power to approve almost whatever major projects he wants in the “national interest,” a very subjective terminology.

Under the umbrella of the Act, nearly all existing legislation can be ignored, and/or rendered ineffective, for major projects of “national interest.”

The primary objective of C-5 is to fast-track major projects such as very large-scale oil and gas export pipelines.  C-5 is in keeping Carney’s aim from the outset to make Canada an energy superpower, U.S. style.

Priority “national interest” projects, environment shoved aside

On September 11, 2025, Carney announced the first round of major projects on his to do list.  Indications were given that projects for the next round of approvals will occur sometime in November 2025.

Natural gas

One of the first to go major projects high on the agenda is that of a supporting the Phase 2 of the LNG Canada, the liquified natural gas (LNG) export terminal in Kitimat, British Columbia.

For the next round of announcements, the probabilities are good for a LNG terminal northern Manitoba, Churchill on the Hudson Bay.

This speaks to Carney’s fixation with “drill, baby drill” resembling Trump’s fetish and an affirmation that Canada is the sixth largest natural gas exporter in the world.

To this end, Carney discussed possible LNG exports to Germany while with Chancellor Friedrich Merz in Germany in August 2025.

This is incongruent with EU gas consumption down by 20% between 2021 and 2024; and EU LNG demand is expected to peak in 2025.  The EU clean energy goal is that of energy independence, favouring clean energy by 2027.

Likewise decarbonization is a global phenomenon.

Too, it doesn’t seem to phase Mark Carney that methane emission leaks associated with fracking natural gas, through to the LNG export destination and consumption, render LNG as bad as coal.

Methane has a global warming potential 80 times that of CO2 over a 20-year period.

The declining prices of renewables, mean infrastructure for electrical power from gas is headed for stranded assets.

Contrecour

On the first priority “national interest” list is the construction of a second Montreal port terminal at Contrecoeur.   This project has plethora of environmental degradation implications, including contravening the federal legislation, Species at Risk, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act and The Fisheries Act.  While the project was the object of environmental impact approval in 2021, many authorization requirements remain outstanding.

Oil export pipelines

High on the next phase of projects are cross Canada oil export pipelines comprising:

1) Energy East to cross over most of Canada from Alberta to an export terminal on Canada’s Atlantic coast; and

2) the Northern Gateway with a terminal on the Pacific coast.

Carney’s export pipeline contemplations seemingly don’t take into account the experiences of the Canadian government-owned Trans Mountain pipeline twinning project to the Burnaby, British Columbia Pacific coast.  This project, which has been operating under capacity at a loss.  It has cost Canadian taxpayers C$50 billion in federal subsidies so far and costs Canadians C$3 billion annually.

How fitting is it for Carney to appoint in August 2025, Dawn Farrell, the till then chair of the board of directors of Trans Mountain, to head up the new Major Projects Office.

Here again the matter of global decarbonization is ignored.  There is an existing oil and gas glut on global markets which will get worse as more new suppliers enter global markets while China, the European Union, South Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, South Asia and other traditional oil and gas importers, are decarbonizing.

Decarbonized oil: An oxymoron

Mark Carney’s drill, baby drill thrust would have us believe that there aren’t serious emissions considerations related to his oil export pipelines because Canada would be exporting “decarbonized oil.” Decarbonized oil doesn’t exist, a Trump-like climate hoax!

Carney was alluding to the next set of announcements to include the carbon capture and storage project of the Pathways Alliance.

Not a single CCS project has met its goals regarding emission reductions, costs and timelines.

The Alliance is made up of 6 major oil sands producers for which the combined revenues were C$35 billion in 2022. Does the Pathways Alliance require government subsidization?

And the “decarbonized oil” does not consider that 75% to 80% of CO2 emissions occur during combustion.

Surely Carney has made a political decision without regard to the environment and economics.

Small modular reactors (SMRs), like Trump

Carney is emulating Trump’s fascination with nuclear energy.

In the works is a nuclear renaissance collaboration deal between the U.S and the United Kingdom.  This deal reserves a special focus on small modular reactors (SMRs).

Ontario’s proposal to build 4 SMRs at its Darlington site, are included in the first round of announcements.  SMRs are nascent, still experimental, with a track record on costs per unit of energy produced suggesting it should be a no go.

Governments, with the exception of China and Canada’s Ontario Premier Doug Ford, don’t see the case for SMRs for which the costs are five times that of an onshore wind farm or solar project to produce the same amount of energy.

A 2024 report of CSIRO, Australia’s science and research agency, found SMRs to be the most expensive option for power generation.  CSIRO predicted SMRs would cost US$382 to US$686 per megawatt hour in 2030.

Pedaling backwards on vehicle emissions, like Trump

The Canadian 2026 requirements for automakers to hit 20% of new vehicle sales to be zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) beginning 2026, was dropped in early September 2025.  This adjustment is in line with Trump’s plan for choice between electric and gas-powered vehicles, reversing 2025 vehicle emission rules to 2019 levels.

A Trump conflict with California is ongoing as California’s mandated target market share for ZEVs for 2026 is 35%, with significant incremental increases to 100% by 2035.  In 2025, around 25% of new passenger cars in the state are electric.

Carney and Trump and pedaling backwards on the transportation energy transition.  Global sales of electric vehicles in the first 7 months of 2025 were up 27% over 2024.

Canadian environmental bottom line

Not surprisingly,  the Carney administration cannot commit to meeting the Paris Agreement, according to a statement from the office of Environment Minister, Julie Dabrusin.

 Quadrupling military budget to attain 5% of GDP: Aligning with Trump’s Ministry of War

Responding to Trump’s nagging Canada for not spending enough on military capacity, Carney plans to quadruple Canadian spending on defence by 2030, beginning with an increase federal funding for military support by C$9 billion in the upcoming fiscal year 2026/2027, 2% of Canada’s GDP, as part of incrementally increasing military investments to reach 5% of Canada’s GDP by 2035.  There isn’t any scientific analysis as the why the military sector should be such a major percentage of GDP.

In keeping with the 5% of GDP objective, Carney’s urgent focus includes the purchasing of 12 submarines to patrol Canada’s three coasts.

This military impetus seems to conveniently ignore that the only potentially “dangerous aggressor” country on Canada’s borders is Russia, in Canada’s Arctic region.

However, submarines on Canada’s Atlantic and Pacific coasts may be justified should Canada be preparing for WWIII, with a Department of War.  This resembles Trump’s Department of War with its economic benefits.

Notwithstanding, Carney likes to boast of the economic opportunities, as a sovereign economic agency, associated with new defense spending.  Carney speaks of the economic possibilities for innovation and the creation of good new jobs for Canadians. This is similar to the Trump narrative.

Sure, there will be economic opportunities with any type of major fresh government spending.

Why emulate the U.S. military industrial complex when Canadian spending of huge amounts on cleantech innovation and deployment can close the gap in one of the fastest growing sectors in the world, a sector for which Canada is pitifully weak competitor?

Austerity cuts to government services, Trump “light”

To compensate for the sharp hike in the military budget, Carney will be cutting operational funding for federal services by 7% in fiscal year 2026-27, 10% in 2027-28 and 15% in 2028-29.

This dismisses that federal services are cracking across the board because of insufficient financial resources, people and operational needs, unable to accommodate demand.   Examples are manifold, ranging from inexpedient reviews of each immigrant’s status request to underfunded public transportation, to inadequate transfers of federal funds to support financially tormented provincial healthcare systems.

Targeting immigrants and border security, Trump “light”

Awaiting approval is Mark Carney’s Bill C-2, the Strong Borders Act, which allows for discretionary retrograding of an immigrant’s status and discretionary deporting of immigrants.   This appears to be an “emulation light” of Trump’s chaotic harsh treatments of immigrants.

Other Trump appeasing initiatives

Ceding to Trump’s rants, Carney annulled the implementation of the Digital Services Act, which, like similar Acts in Australia, France and others, would have imposed a 3% tax on digital services such as Netflix, Amazon, Google, Meta, Uber and Airbnb, crossing into Canada, earning revenues in Canada, without paying any taxes.  It has taken almost a decade for Canada to adopt this act in 2024, due to heavy lobbying/bullying.

To avoid rattling the beast, Trump, Canada will not apply retaliatory tariffs on Canadian exports to the U.S. that are impacted by U.S. tariffs and not protected by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).

Trump implemented 35% tariff on items not protected by the USMCA anyway.

The Takeaway

Mark Carney is Americanizing segments of the Canadian political landscape, but so gradually that it the cumulative results are missed by most Canadians.

Climate change has taken a back seat to Carney’s Trump-like “drill baby drill” “national interests” to favour major oil and gas projects.

Projects that defy economic and/or environmental considerations are being sanctioned, such as small modular reactors.

Hints have been offered that Canada will not comply with the Paris Agreement.

Zero emission vehicle objectives have been abandoned, emulating Trump in the process.

Canadian military spending will be quadrupled while Carney boasts of economic opportunities for doing so.  This aligns well with U.S. military-industrial complex mindset and Trump’s Department of War.

The stretched thin government services will be cut to compensate for quadrupling in the military budget.  Trump has been shown to be most enthusiastic on cuts to “wasteful” government services.

The Digital Services Act has been abandoned, though long awaited, immediately after Trump threatened more tariffs if the Act was to be implemented.

Discretionary powers to retrograde the status of many immigrants and to deport immigrants are to come, though there is no apparent need for doing so.  This may be described as a pale reflection of Trump policies on immigration.

Carney is sleepwalking the Americanization of Canada and action on climate change has been slaughtered on the altar.

Nearly all of this wasn’t laid out in Carney’s election campaign.

China’s electric vehicles go global: Protectionism won’t work

BYD Seal

Electric vehicle (EV) imports from China will account for 25% of EV sales in Europe in 2024.

Now China-based EV and battery firms are on the verge of coming to North America and there is no such thing as batteries without content from China.  This is the context for U.S. protectionist legislation.

What follows is a most comprehensive plethora of reasons on why 1) protectionism won’t work and 2) North American and European EV manufactures are vulnerable to disruptive market threats from inexpensive Chinese EV alternatives.

China green shift global impact greater than COP

Expectations for COP29 in Azerbaijan, based COP28 in the United Arab Emirates?

The light getting in though the cracks is few countries are immune to competition with China’s sweeping expeditious green transition.

China’s brisk energy transition intentions are three-fold, decarbonization of its economy, domination of global clean tech manufacturing and reduced dependence on imported fossil fuels.

Renewables

The COP28 final statement calls for a tripling of renewables capacity by 2030.  China had an objective to triple renewables capacity by 2030 too, but China will reach its 2030 renewables capacity target in 2025, 1,2 TW (terawatts). The country will continue to increase capacity sharply thereafter.  By 2030, the forecast is for China is to hit 3.9 TW.  The aforementioned COP28 global ambition was for 11 TW by the end of the decade.

According to the IEA, China now accounts for 60% of global renewables capacity installed in 2023 and this will carry over into 2024.  The expansion of capacity is outpacing rising demand.  For 2023, China investments in renewables will attain the summit of US$177 billion.

For 2023, BloombergNEF projected China solar capacity additions to reach 208 gigawatts (GW), twice the entire U.S. solar capacity.

China’s new wind and solar capacity installations for 2023 may amount to 300 GW, astronomical compared to the global capacity increase of 338 GW in 2022.

By September 2023, total installed wind and solar capacity was 400 GW and 520 GW, respectively.  To put this in perspective, Hydro-Québec, one of the largest utility companies in North America, has a total production capacity of 47.5 GW.

All together, China is installing 20 GW of wind and solar per month.

By the third quarter of 2023, 53% of China’s power sources were wind, solar, hydro and nuclear.  That’s a giant leap from 2011 when coal accounted for 80% of the country’s power supply.

The scale of some of the renewables projects is staggering.  The Golmud Solar Park in Qinghai, the world’s largest solar park, has a capacity of 2.8 GW with 7 million solar panels spread over sands.  Even that is just the beginning.  The plan calls for expanding this park 6-fold in the next 5 years.

In 2022, plans were announced for 500 GW of onshore solar and offshore wind projects for Gobi Desert across Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu provinces.

To transport gargantuan new capacity, ultrahigh-voltage (UHV) lines projects are eye-popping.  State Grid Corp of China, the country’s largest State-owned utility, has started construction on 13 UHV lines covering 30,000 km.

China catapults economy-wide electrification

China is electrifying its economy at a mind-boggling rate, with 1.1 million electric buses and trucks; two-thirds of the global market for light EVs; electric subways and light rail; and 42,000 km of electric high speed passenger and freight rail.

Consequently, China’s Sinopec, a large petroleum refiner and distributor, anticipates peak gasoline will occur in 2023.

Coal

China’s electric power carbon emissions will peak in 2023 or 2024, ahead of the 2030 target, plateau for a while, and then enter an exponential decline.  This is attributable to mindboggling increases in renewables capacity, and an uptake in hydro capacity.

True, China has the world’s largest coal power plant fleet.  Yet, the opening of 2 coal plants per week or 106 GW of new power plants in 2022, responds to peaking requirements only.  While China reached 1,100 GW of coal power plants functioning in 2022, 775 GW of operational coal plants were shut down or were projects that never made it to construction.

Consequently, coal plants in China on average run 50% of the time.  Carbon Tracker has divulged that 40% of China’s coal plants are losing money.  The 5 major state-owned coal power plant companies are also experiencing heavy losses.

The capacity usage will fall further to 25% over the next two decades.

These contradictions are largely the result of provincial governments supporting their local coal enterprises and jobs.

A forthcoming plateau in infrastructure projects translates into less coal for cement production, a 2.7% reduction in 2023 and 61% reduction by 2036.  Likewise, petrochemical and aluminium production drops will contribute to lower demand for coal.

These factors should result in a decline in coal demand by 2024, as alluded above.  Not only many coal plants permitted up to 2023 will never get built, but also many existing coal plants will become stranded assets.

In China, likewise for Europe and India, 90% of coal plants will be uncompetitive by 2025.

EVs

The BloombergNEF Electric Vehicle Outlook 2023 reported that EV growth rates for 2022 were 62% world-wide and 95% in China.

In 2022, China had 600,000 electric buses on the road, at least 99% of the world total.  That year, it manufactured 138,000 e-buses for the domestic market.

There were 400,000 electric trucks on China’s roads in 2022.

China’s rate of light-duty EV growth is 4 times that of the U.S.  Total EVs sold in China are greater than in the rest of the world.  For the end of 2023, it is projected plug-ins will have reached 38% of sales.

Too, China is now the world’s largest exporter of EVs.  For 2022, exports from China acquired 11% of the European market.  An irony of sorts, Tesla’s Shanghai factory is China’s largest EV exporter.

North America is vulnerable to an invasion of EVs from China too.  China’s BYD will soon launch the BYD Seal in North America to compete with the Tesla Model 3.  Other Chinese EV brands are planning international expansion.  By contrast, North American EV and battery investments related to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act and Canada’s Budget 2023 await production start-up dates.

Fascinating is the electrification of the three-wheelers for which China and India account for 90% of the global fleet.   There were 117 million 3-wheelers on the roads in the world by 2022, 70% of which were electric, though most with lead-acid batteries.  That jumps to 300 million if two-wheelers are included.

The 3-wheeler sales in 2022 were over 12 million units encompassing a major migration to lithium-ion batteries.  For the short-term, it is the two- to three-wheelers that will generate a noticeable decline in oil consumption.

The global share of EVs in two- and three-wheeler sales increased from 34% in 2015 to 49% in 2022.

Clean tech manufacturing

China has 9 of the 13 largest solar manufacturers in the world and 7 of the top 10 global wind manufacturers are in China.

Solar panels production was 310 GW in 2022; were about 500 GW for 2023; and 1000 GW in 2025, the latter 4 times the output worldwide.

Energy storage battery capacity to accommodate intermittent renewables power will go from 550 GWh in 2022; to 800 GWh in 2023, and 3,000 GWh in 2025.

By early 2022, China accounted for 80 percent of global battery production capacity.

China had 125 battery factories in 2022 and more than double are in the planning or construction phases  This despite, China having only 10% of lithium raw material, while Australia has 50%.

Lower battery prices give China an EV edge in global markets.  The average price of a Chinese EV battery is US$26,500.  That is one third of the transaction price in Europe and half that of the U.S.

An astonishing next generation battery head start is that of China’s BYD breaking ground in January 2024 for the first sodium-ion gigafactory, a technology still in the development stage for most. Sodium-ion batteries are composed of abundant iron and sodium, free the more expensive lithium plus nickel, cobalt and graphite.  This technology replaces lithium cathode material and can be combined with hard carbon anode.  It is less vulnerable to cold weather.  BYD will initially use these batteries for scooters and micro-vehicles.

Also, China’s leadership comprises a long-term view, having issued rules that all battery powered vehicle manufacturers must be responsible for battery recycling.  The policy also directs that the design of batteries facilitates recycling.  China is experimenting with a battery recycling framework.

Decarbonization

By far, China dominates global industrial production, 61% of global steelmaking, 57% aluminium manufacturing and 52% cement output, collectively more than half of global production.  The chemical and paper sectors represent 40% of the global share in these sectors.

China’s wide array of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are pillars for backing a decarbonization goal under the umbrella of China’s 14th 5-year plan.  Under this plan, carbon neutrality will be accomplished by 2060, CO2 emissions will peak by 2030 and 50% of increased energy consumption will stem from renewables by 2025.

As for energy SOEs, they are immune to the straitjacket of oil and gas companies, incapable of changing their increased fossil fuel trajectories.   In this regard, SOEs are diversifying their portfolios, with a strong push for renewables and massively investing in research and development and innovation of clean technologies.

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

BRI is by far the most ambitious global economic development program involving over 115 countries.

From 2013 to 2022, fossil fuel infrastructure accounted for two-thirds of BRI power sector investments.

In September 2021, China announced it will not support new coal plants abroad, though not all new coal projects were shut down.

China has since established the BRI International Green Development Coalition with 134 international partners.  UN Environment will facilitate BRI recipients to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals including green finance and energy, plus energy efficiency.

For the first half of 2023, 56% of the US$12.3 billion in BRI energy investments were allotted to renewables.  Colour coded prioritization of projects favours green ones. 

At COP29 in Azerbaijan, November 2024, China let it be known that since 2016, it invested $24 billion in developing countries.

China emissions to-date 

There are those who suggest China must act first before their own countries take action on climate change and China is addicted to coal.  China is acting first, leaving no excuses for the climate naysayers.

Granted, China emitted 31% of global emissions, 11,397 metric tonnes (Mt) in 2022.  This is more than twice as much as the U.S. for 2022 at 13.6%, with 5057 Mt.

This does not tell all.  On a per capita basis, China’s emissions are half that of the U.S.  Since 1751, China is responsible for  half the cumulative emissions as the U.S.

But this is history, China is migrating into a green transition quicker than most can assimilate.

The takeaway

The U.S.$369 billion Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) which is spurring a tsunami of investments in clean tech plus manufacturing of EVs and batteries is largely about closing the green economy gap with China.  One year after the IRA passage, in August 2023, private sector investment announcements in U.S. clean tech projects totaled up to US$278 billion and 170,000 jobs.

The domino effect on the European Union is such that it is exploring how to close the clean tech investment gap with the U.S.  The EU “lost” its solar industry in favour of China, European wind manufacturers are struggling to compete with lower cost Chinese turbines and 11% of the European EV market is represented by Chinese imports.

China’s march to dominate the green economy suggest a green transition will become a global competition imperative.

China will change the course of the global energy geopolitical titanic.

By contrast, the exclusion of reducing fossil fuel production in the COP28 final statement is not a milestone.

Perfect storm for the green economy and fossil fuels alike

perfect storm: updated July 7, 2023

Investments in clean tech deployment in 2022, US$1.1 trillion, were for the first time ever, equivalent to that spent on fossil fuel production.  The story behind these historic stats is that of a current perfect storm and circumstances leading up to the present.

The combination of the Ukraine war; high fuel prices; European Union energy independence and electric vehicle (EV) strategies; the U.S Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law; China’s new 5-year plan; and tectonic changes in other countries have created the perfect storm for:

  • Renewables to overtake coal by 2027;
  • Strong EV sales in China and Europe while the North American new “normal” EV wait times for delivery ranging from 6 months to 2 years or more; and
  • Intensified climate action plans around the globe.

Paradoxically, the same perfect storm has given rise to the oil and gas industry’s 195 fossil fuel carbon bombs underway and planned, many of them in Canada.

Electric vehicles and equipment for mining decarbonization

MacLean Engineering Transmixer electric vehicle

As with most environmental solutions, electric mining equipment (EME) offers opportunities for reducing capital and operating expenditures, while providing a host of solutions to address risks. These lower risks include decarbonization; curtailment of colossal ventilation expenses to evacuate fumes, particulate matter and heat from diesel engines; and improved employee health and working conditions.  Higher profits, diminished risks and enhanced social acceptability associated with EME, are hard to beat.

Critical minerals: Global and Canadian portraits

Updated May 1, 2023, Pure lithium

Global developments in a nutshell

For the rest of this century, most of the world’s needs for critical minerals can be accommodated from mined resources in democratic countries and 95% recycling of battery content.  China and the European Union have policies in place to optimize electric vehicle (EV) battery recycling.

Australia towers above the rest as a source of half of global lithium resources.

Canada and the U.S. provide financial support for advancing critical minerals activities.

Howbeit, China’s critical mineral importation practices are admittingly problematic.  The antidotes are critical mineral deposits and policies of democratic counties plus EV manufacturers being sensitive to such concerns as integral parts of their public DNA image.

Too, South American lithium extraction practices pose large-scale unresolved environmental perils.

Big Oil, renewables, electric vehicles + clean tech: Fossil fuel windfalls

Wind, solar, storage + electric vehicle

Prior to the Russian barbaric invasion in Ukraine, announcements made by the oil and gas majors seemed to imply they were engaged in energy diversification.  This diversification has been typically presented as that of increasing the proportion of their assets in clean technologies while reducing the exploitation of fossil fuel reserves.

Now, with the oil and gas companies earning windfall profits linked to the Ukraine war, inflation and European urgent short-term requirements for fossil fuel sources substitutes, the real truth is coming out.  High fuel prices have revealed opportunist short term thinking prevails over lofty long-term goals.

Canada’s indecent descent on climate since 2021 fed election

Forest Wildfire

The Canadian federal election of September 20, 2021 brought the Liberals back to power, once again as a minority government.  As with previous elections, the Liberal election campaign leading up to voting day, placed a major emphasis on addressing climate change.  Though the Liberals failed to deliver on previous emission reduction targets, this time things appeared to be different in that a former climate activist, Steven Guilbeault, was appointed the Minister of the Environment and Climate Change Canada.

What has happened since this nomination constitutes a sad tale of giant steps backwards.  These are presented hereafter.

China: Largest emitter to green gamechanger, but…

China climate emergency global influence

China is several years ahead of other developed countries on the migration to a green economy, in clean technology production capacity, massive market penetration and green investments. China already has an extraordinary global green export potential. China leads in renewables, electric vehicles and battery production, incrementally regulating plastic solutions, high-speed rail, private clean tech investment, government environmental support and green bonds.  China’s concurrent climate actions are gamechangers destined to have huge global competition impacts on energy, economic, transportation, industrial and other paradigms, perhaps more so than the climate crisis.  But there are simultaneous contradictions. China is the world’s largest liquified natural gas importer, once again ramping up coal production and certainly not a leader on human rights.

Electric vehicle battery recycling: Competing with mined materials

electric vehicle battery recycling facility

The environmental footprint of an electric vehicle represents a sectorial industrial revolution, including the first lifecycle end of an EV battery.  With existing technologies, 95% of an EV battery can be recycled for inclusion in a new EV battery and/or energy storage.  The remaining 5% can be handled by third party recyclers.  Because the price of mined lithium is rising exponentially, recycled EV battery materials are set to compete with mined content.  With high recycled content, the emissions of a new battery can be reduced by 64%. The result is massive battery recycling investments and recycling agreements with EV manufacturers are underway and planned, especially in China, Europe and the U.S.  In the U.S., the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) offers tax credits that can be stacked on top of each other for the EV battery supply chain.  An IRA proviso is that the raw materials, including materials derived from battery recycling, be sourced in the U.S.  In addition, the U.S. Bipartisan Infrastructure Act allots US$7 billion for all battery supply chain stages, including battery recycling.  To counterbalance the IRA, the Canadian 2022 Fall Economic Update includes a 30% Investment Tax Credit covering clean technologies.  But the Canadian tax credits may fall short compared to the cumulative eligibility criteria impacts of the two U.S legislative initiatives. The U.S. initiatives, alongside the monumental head start in China and Europe, auger for a colossal challenge for the Canadian national and provincial governments to assure Canada is a major battery recycling player, despite two prominent existing Canadian recycling firms.

Putin losing energy war: European climate emergency

Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline padlocked

Putin’s war has created an electroshock for Europe because it depends on fossil fuel imports for 60% of its energy, one-third of which comes from Russia.  Organically evolving European Union (EU) plans target 2027 for a massive and rapid transition to a green economy and energy independence.  Renewables, electric vehicles, clean technologies and energy efficiency will all play major roles in the creation of fast-forward paradigms for global emulation.  For the immediate, by the end of 2022, EU plans entail cutting Russia gas imports by two-thirds, substitution fuel sources plus ramping up renewables and energy efficiency.  These EU plans will be devastating for the Russian economy.  Russia needs European oil and gas revenues more than Europe needs these fuels.

Canada’s 2030 climate plan: Designed to fail

Oil sands development

Canada’s 2030 Emissions Reduction Plan (ERP) was made public March 29, 2022.  Since the country’s oil and gas sector with methane included, plus transportation components, together, represent about half of Canadian emissions, one would have thought these sectors would be objects of strong climate initiatives.  Yet, for these sectors, the ERP appears to be the product of accommodation of industry lobbies.  The action items stupendously lack integrity and are weak.  As such, the ERP like all previous government emission reduction targets, will not achieve its goals.

Trudeau’s climate greenwashing mayhem

Justin Trudeau announced another of his Liberal government’s green plans in December. I have lost track of how many green plans we have had, but not a single one has met its targets. With the prime minister set to officially meet with the new U.S. president Tuesday, the Liberals’ environmental agenda looks embarrassingly unambitious by comparison.

Raising the price of carbon is one of the pillars of the government’s latest plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But there are no magic bullets and piecemeal measures don’t work.

The new U.S. administration has announced plans for an international climate conference led by President Biden on April 22, which is Earth Day.

In other regions that have carbon pricing mechanisms, such as the European Union and China (with its pilot schemes), climate change abatement plans consist of many complementary measures, including stringent legislation.